Policies shape every aspect of society, from education to health care and the economy. Yet, for many, the policymaking process remains a mystery. In episode 1 of The Leading Woman Show Season 3 brought to you by WILAN Global, we broke down the complexities of policy, exploring its significance and the challenges faced in Nigeria. With insights from our expert guests Professor Funmi Para-Mallam, the Director of Studies of the National Institute of Policy and Strategic Studies, and Amara Nwankpa, the Global Policy Expert and Director of Partnerships and Development of the Shehu Musa Yar’Adua Foundation, we delved into how citizens can engage with policy to promote sustainable development.
What is Policy?
At its core, policy refers to specialized decision-making. Professor Funmi Para-Mallam defines policy as a set of rules, guidelines, and plans that guide actions toward achieving specific goals, particularly in addressing social problems and creating public value. It’s about aligning with a government’s vision and objectives.
In simpler terms, Amara Nwankpa describes policy as a collective roadmap toward desired outcomes. This roadmap is essential for identifying problems, prioritizing them, formulating solutions, and ultimately implementing and evaluating the effectiveness of those solutions. The policymaking process is not linear; it involves multiple stages that can co-occur.
Why is Policy a Mystery?
Despite its importance, many Nigerians feel alienated from the policymaking process. This disconnect arises from a lack of transparency, limited public consultations, and the complexities of the federal system that should ideally promote citizen engagement. Moreover, the absence of a broadly consultative approach means that many voices go unheard.
Amara highlights that misconceptions regarding who is responsible for policymaking contribute to this mystery. Many believe that policy is solely the domain of government officials, leading to a sense of resignation among citizens. This lack of involvement results in a gap where policies do not address or re the needs of the general populace.
Challenges in Nigeria’s Policy Landscape
Professor Para-Mallam identifies several challenges in Nigeria’s public policy landscape, categorizing them into four main areas: political, economic, institutional, and socio-cultural.
- Political Challenges: Political interference and instability hinder effective policymaking. When policies are influenced primarily by elite interests, the public good is often sidelined.
- Economic Challenges: Many policies lack adequate funding. A weak industrial base and dysfunctional tax administration contribute to insufficient public resources for policy implementation.
- Institutional Challenges: Most Nigerian public institutions are weak and often cannot design and implement policies effectively. Research-driven policies are essential for addressing the realities and needs of citizens.
- Socio-Cultural Challenges: Low public trust, often exacerbated by ethno-religious tensions, leads to resistance against policies. Citizens may distrust policies that they feel do not reflect their values or needs.
Engaging Citizens in the Policymaking Process
For citizens to effectively engage in policymaking, they must first understand the process. Amara emphasizes the importance of recognizing that policy is a collective decision-making exercise. Citizens can find ways to engage in discussions around relevant policies that are related to their passions and interests.
Participation in public hearings and local government activities is crucial. For example, the Nigerian National Assembly often holds public hearings where citizens can listen to the policy-making proceedings and contribute. Additionally, being part of interest groups can amplify individual voices, creating a collective pressure point for government action.
The Role of Education in Policy Engagement
Education plays a significant role in policy education. Professor Para-Mallam suggests that governance education should start at the primary level, ensuring that citizens understand the importance of policy from a young age. When people are educated about policy and governance, they are more likely to engage actively.
Moreover, understanding local policies that affect daily lives, such as education and healthcare, can empower citizens to participate meaningfully in discussions and advocacy. The goal is to create a culture where citizens feel their input is valuable and necessary.
Critical Success Factors for Effective Policymaking
To enhance the effectiveness of policymaking in Nigeria, several critical success factors must be considered:
- Engagement and Consultation: Policymaking should involve broad consultations to gather diverse perspectives and foster inclusivity.
- Research and Evidence-Based Policies: Policies must be grounded in thorough research and analysis to ensure they address the actual needs of the population.
- Strong Institutions: The capacity of institutions to implement policies effectively is crucial. Strong institutions can sustain policies even amidst changes in government.
- Responsive Governance Culture: A governance culture that prioritizes public interest over elite interests is essential for effective policymaking.
Conclusion: The Path Forward
In conclusion, demystifying policy is essential for fostering a more engaged and informed citizenry in Nigeria. By understanding what policy is and how it affects daily lives, citizens can take active roles in the policymaking process. Education, engagement, and a commitment to collective action are key to overcoming the challenges that currently hinder effective policymaking. It is crucial for all Nigerians to recognize their stake in formulating public policy and to actively participate in the processes that shape their lives and futures.